Physical activity in Parkinson's disease: examining prescription sources, patterns, and the influence of quality of life and disease severity. / La actividad física en la enfermedad de Parkinson: identificación de los responsables de su prescripción, hábitos e impacto en la calidad de vida, y de la gravedad de la enfermedad.

INTRODUCTION: Limited research has explored the influence of quality of life (QoL) and disease severity on physical activity (PA) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and the sources of PA prescription and advice for this population. This study aims to expand scientific knowledge on these topics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two-hundred eleven PD patients were personally interviewed to collect data on PA levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and QoL using the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8. An ad hoc questionnaire gathered information on disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr stages), PA behaviors, and PA recommendations. RESULTS: Weak but significant associations were found between PA levels, disease severity (r: -0.218; p = 0.004), and QoL (r: -0.244; p = 0.001). Most participants (85%) received PA counselling, predominantly from neurologists, either at diagnosis (52%) or shortly after (28%). Before PD onset, ~86% engaged in PA, decreasing to 66% post-diagnosis. Approximately 78% reported changes in PA, including reduced frequency (18.4%) and duration (32.8%), with walking as the primary activity. CONCLUSIONS: Disease severity and QoL significantly affect PA levels in PD patients. Diagnosis is associated with decreased PA frequency and duration, and walking is the preferred activity. Neurologists primarily provide PA advice.

TITLE: La actividad física en la enfermedad de Parkinson: identificación de los responsables de su prescripción, hábitos e impacto en la calidad de vida, y de la gravedad de la enfermedad.Introducción. Escasas investigaciones han explorado la influencia de la calidad de vida (CV) y la gravedad de la enfermedad en la actividad física (AF) en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), así como las fuentes de prescripción de AF y consejos para esta población. Este estudio tiene como objetivo ampliar el conocimiento científico sobre estos temas. Pacientes y métodos. Se entrevistó personalmente a 211 pacientes con EP para recopilar datos sobre los niveles de AF con el International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form y la CV con el Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8. Un cuestionario ad hoc recopiló información sobre la gravedad de la enfermedad (etapas de Hoehn y Yahr), los comportamientos de AF y las recomendaciones de AF. Resultados. Se encontraron asociaciones débiles, pero significativas, entre los niveles de AF, la gravedad de la enfermedad (r = ­0,218; p = 0,004) y la CV (r = ­0,244; p = 0,001). La mayoría de los participantes (85%) recibió asesoramiento sobre AF, principalmente de neurólogos, ya sea en el momento del diagnóstico (52%) o poco después (28%). Antes del inicio de la EP, ~86% participaba en AF, lo que disminuyó al 66% después del diagnóstico. Aproximadamente el 78% informó sobre cambios en la AF, incluida una reducción en la frecuencia (18,4%) y la duración (32,8%), y la caminata era la actividad principal. Conclusiones. La gravedad de la enfermedad y la CV afectan significativamente a los niveles de AF en pacientes con EP. El diagnóstico se asocia con una disminución en la frecuencia y la duración de la AF, y la caminata es la actividad preferida. Los neurólogos aconsejan principalmente sobre AF a las personas con EP.

La actividad física en la enfermedad de Parkinson: identificación de los responsables de su prescripción, hábitos e impacto en la calidad de vida, y de la gravedad de la enfermedad / Physical activity in Parkinson’s disease: examining prescription sources, patterns, and the influence of quality of life and disease severity

Introducción: Escasas investigaciones han explorado la influencia de la calidad de vida (CV) y la gravedad de la enfermedad en la actividad física (AF) en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), así como las fuentes de prescripción de AF y consejos para esta población. Este estudio tiene como objetivo ampliar el conocimiento científico sobre estos temas. Pacientes y métodos: Se entrevistó personalmente a 211 pacientes con EP para recopilar datos sobre los niveles de AF con el International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form y la CV con el Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8. Un cuestionario ad hoc recopiló información sobre la gravedad de la enfermedad (etapas de Hoehn y Yahr), los comportamientos de AF y las recomendaciones de AF. Resultados: Se encontraron asociaciones débiles, pero significativas, entre los niveles de AF, la gravedad de la enfermedad (r = –0,218; p = 0,004) y la CV (r = –0,244; p = 0,001). La mayoría de los participantes (85%) recibió asesoramiento sobre AF, principalmente de neurólogos, ya sea en el momento del diagnóstico (52%) o poco después (28%). Antes del inicio de la EP, ~86% participaba en AF, lo que disminuyó al 66% después del diagnóstico. Aproximadamente el 78% informó sobre cambios en la AF, incluida una reducción en la frecuencia (18,4%) y la duración (32,8%), y la caminata era la actividad principal. Conclusiones: La gravedad de la enfermedad y la CV afectan significativamente a los niveles de AF en pacientes con EP. El diagnóstico se asocia con una disminución en la frecuencia y la duración de la AF, y la caminata es la actividad preferida. Los neurólogos aconsejan principalmente sobre AF a las personas con EP. (AU)

Introduction: Limited research has explored the influence of quality of life (QoL) and disease severity on physical activity (PA) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, and the sources of PA prescription and advice for this population. This study aims to expand scientific knowledge on these topics. Patients and methods: Two-hundred eleven PD patients were personally interviewed to collect data on PA levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and QoL using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8. An ad hoc questionnaire gathered information on disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr stages), PA behaviors, and PA recommendations. Results: Weak but significant associations were found between PA levels, disease severity (r: –0.218; p = 0.004), and QoL (r: –0.244; p = 0.001). Most participants (85%) received PA counselling, predominantly from neurologists, either at diagnosis (52%) or shortly after (28%). Before PD onset, ~86% engaged in PA, decreasing to 66% post-diagnosis. Approximately 78% reported changes in PA, including reduced frequency (18.4%) and duration (32.8%), with walking as the primary activity. Conclusions: Disease severity and QoL significantly affect PA levels in PD patients. Diagnosis is associated with decreased PA frequency and duration, and walking is the preferred activity. Neurologists primarily provide PA advice.(AU)

Heart rate measurement through carotid pulse by primary school children / Medición de la frecuencia cardíaca mediante pulso carotídeo por niños de primaria

This study aimed to determine whether primaryschool children can accurately monitor their heart rate (HR) through manual pulse measurement. Children aged 9 to 12 years manually assessed their HR through the carotid pulse three times in a physical education session; lying down, after submaximal effort and one minute later. Simultaneously, HR was measured by pulsometers. Of 417 children (10.58±0.93 years, 44.8% girls), 40% provided accurate values (<10% error). Concordance analysis showed wide limits of agreement (95% of measurements between 44.76% below and 78.64% above actual HR values). Sex, age and level of effort had no significant influence on the results. Primary school children are not able to accurately measure their HR through the carotid pulse (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivodeterminar si los niños de primaria pueden controlar con precisión su frecuencia cardíaca (FC)mediante la medición manual del pulso. Niños de 9 a 12 años evaluaron manualmente su FC a través del pulso carotídeo tres veces en una sesión deeducación física; tumbados, trasun esfuerzo submáximo y un minuto después. Simultáneamente, se midió la FC mediante pulsómetros. De 417 niños (rango de edad 9 a 12 años, 44,8% niñas), un40% proporcionóvalores precisos (<10% de error). El análisis de concordancia mostró amplios límites de acuerdo (95% de las mediciones situadas entre un 44,76% por debajo y un 78,64% por encima de los valores reales de la FC). El sexo, la edad y el nivel de esfuerzo no tuvieron una influencia significativa en los resultados. Los niños de primaria no son capaces de medir con precisión su FC a través del pulso carotídeo (AU)

Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence among male and female competitors and recreational CrossFit® practitioners.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and type of urinary incontinence (UI) in female and male CrossFit® practitioners. STUDY DESIGN: The study design is an online cross-sectional survey distributed to CrossFit® practitioners across all Spanish regions. The questionnaire included categorical questions related to CrossFit® practice, multiple-choice questions to determine the exercises performed during reported UI symptoms, and The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form questionnaire items. RESULTS: Five hundred seventy-one practitioners (34.0 ± 8.37 years, Body Mass Index 24.20 ± 3.34 kg/m2) met inclusion criteria and completed the survey. There were and 316 females and 255 males. Around 45 % of women and 6 % of men reported having UI (p < 0.001). The severity of UI mainly was slight (30.3 % women, 3.5 % men) and moderate (11.7 % women, 2.3 % men) (p < 0.001). Stress and urgent UI were the most prevalent types among women (36 %) and men (5 %) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that UI is relatively common among female CrossFit® practitioners, especially in repetitive jumps. The practitioners' profile (amateur/competitor) does not affect the prevalence or severity of UI. Male athletes can also experience urine leakage while performing CrossFit®, although its prevalence is much lower when compared to female practitioners.

Feasibility and reliability of the Functional Movement Screen battery in adults with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: The feasibility and reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) battery for predicting injury risk have been widely studied in athletic, military, public service and healthy populations. However, scant research has been carried out in people with disabilities. This study aimed at identifying the feasibility and reliability of the FMS battery when administered to adults with intellectual disability (ID). METHODS: Adults from a residential and day care centre over 18 years of age, diagnosed with ID and able to follow simple instructions, were included in the study. All participants with behavioural or health problems that prevented the completion of the FMS battery were excluded. All exercises were video recorded to assure proper scoring. Three assessors (one trained and two novices) scored each of the FMS subtests performed separately from the videos. Feasibility was based on completion rates. Reliability of the composite test scores was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS: A total of 30 people with ID (mean age: 35.5 ± 7.12 years; 33.3% women) completed all assessments. The battery showed to be feasible, although difficulties when performing two of the subtests were observed among those with moderate and severe ID. Mean total scores from the three assessors ranged from 7.83 to 8.90. An inverse trend was observed indicating that the higher the ID level, the lower the total FMS score. Test-retest reliability was good for the trained assessor (ICC = 0.89) and mostly moderate for both novice assessors (ICC range: 0.60 to 0.76). Moderate to good inter-rater reliability was observed (ICC range: 0.65 to 0.80). CONCLUSION: The FMS battery is a reliable tool that can be performed by people with ID, albeit with certain difficulties, especially in those with moderate to severe impairment. The battery does not seem to be useful for identifying people with ID at risk of suffering a sport injury. Adequately powered, well-designed studies are required to determine if the FMS battery is appropriate for identifying changes in functional performance in this population.

[Analysis of the convergent validity of the Spanish short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (VREM) and the Spanish version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in elderly people (IPAQ-E)]. / Análisis de la validez convergente de la Versión reducida en español del cuestionario de actividad física en el tiempo libre de Minnesota (VREM) y de la versión española del Cuestionario internacional de actividad física en personas mayores (IPAQ-E).

BACKGROUND: In our country the Spanish short version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (VREM) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in elderly people (IPAQ-E) are considered useful tools for estimating the amount of physical activity (PA) performed by the geriatric population. However, few studies have been carried out on their psychometric properties. Therefore, this research aims to provide information on their convergent validity by analysing the degree of association that both questionnaires show with physical fitness level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 105 people (mean age: 76.77 (SD=6.01) years; 84.8% women), answered both questionnaires and performed the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), in order to assess their physical fitness level. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the SFT and the VREM items related to energy expenditure derived from walking (r=0.227) or from performing sports activities or dancing (r=0.235), and the estimated total energy expenditure (r=0.314). The IPAQ-E did not establish significant associations with any of the variables analysed. Although a certain a priori correlation was observed between the VREM and the IPAQ-E (r=0.447, p<0.001) and the mean difference between both parameters was nil (p=0.553), it was considered that the questionnaires showed a lack of agreement due to the great width found in the range of differences. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the VREM questionnaire is recommended for estimating the amount of PA performed by the geriatric population, as it shows a certain degree of association, albeit weak, with the level of physical fitness.

Análisis de la eficacia y seguridad de la administración de cloruro mórfico epidural para el dolor postoperatorio tras cesárea / No disponible

Objetivo: el control del dolor postcesárea es un punto importante, pues se ha tratado de implementar una técnica analgésica que ocasione mínimos efectos secundarios pero que provea de una buena calidad y duración de la misma, para tener un rápido alivio del dolor, buena recuperación y disminución de los costes de hospitalización. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia y seguridad de la administración de un único bolo de dos miligramos de cloruro mórfico por catéter epidural como coadyuvante analgésico tras cesárea. Material y métodos: estudio multicéntrico prospectivo aleatorio observacional de casos y controles a lo largo de tres años, en 400 pacientes, ASA I-II, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 39 años, intervenidas de cesárea bajo anestesia epidural. Las pacientes se distribuyeron en dos grupos, un primer grupo denominado GM formado por 200 pacientes a las que se administró dos miligramos de cloruro mórfico, diluidos hasta 10 cm³ con suero fisiológico, a través del catéter epidural, posteriormente a la finalización de la cesárea y tras recuperación de bloqueo sensitivo y motor. El otro grupo denominado GC constituido por las 200 pacientes restantes y a las que no se administró morfina peridural. Ambos grupos recibieron el mismo protocolo analgésico con paracetamol y metamizol pautados, y rescate con bolos de morfina intravenosa en la Unidad de Recuperación Postoperatoria y Ketorolaco en planta. Se utilizó t-Student para comparar las variables cuantitativas. Se consideró significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: el GM tuvo menos dolor medido a través de la Escala Visual Analógica a las 6, 12, 24 y 48 horas de la intervención, que el GC. El consumo de analgesia suplementaria fue similar en ambos grupos. El prurito fue el efecto secundario más frecuente (35% de las pacientes de GM) y sólo excepcionalmente fue molesto. No hubo diferencias entre ambos grupos en estancia hospitalaria ni en satisfacción. Existió una mejor calidad de sueño en el grupo al que se administró la morfina epidural. Discusión: en nuestro estudio, la administración de una sola dosis de dos miligramos de cloruro mórfico por vía epidural junto con fármacos convencionales por vía sistémica ofrecen una analgesia superior con mínimos efectos adversos en comparación a la obtenida cuando se administran únicamente fármacos convencionales por vía sistémica en pacientes sometidas a cesárea bajo anestesia epidural. En base a nuestros resultados consideramos que la administración de un bolo de dos miligramos de morfina epidural parece ser una técnica efectiva y segura, por lo que podría incorporarse al protocolo analgésico de cesárea (AU)

Objective: pain control after cesarean section is an important point, as it has tried to implement an analgesic technique that causes minimal side effects while still providing a good quality and duration of it, to have a quick pain relief, good recovery and decreased hospitalization costs. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of a single bolus administration of two milligrams of morphine epidural catheter as an adjuvant analgesic after cesarean delivery. Matherial and methods: multicenter randomized prospective observational controlled trial along three years in 400 patients, ASA I-II, aged between 18 and 39, for cesarean section with epidural technique. Patients were divided into two groups, one group called GM made up of 200 patients who were given two milligrams of morphine, diluted to 10 cm³ with saline through the epidural catheter, after the completion of the caesarean section and after recovery of sensory and motor block. The other group called GC constituted by the remaining 200 patients and who did not receive epidural morphine. Both groups received the same analgesic protocol with paracetamol and metamizol ruled, and rescue boluses of intravenous morphine in the postoperative recovery unit and ketorolac on the ground. T-Student was used to compare quantitative variables. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: the GM had less pain, measured by Visual Analog Scale, at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after surgery, than the GC. Supplementary analgesic consumption was similar in both groups. Pruritus was the most common side effect (35% of GM patients) and only exceptionally was annoying. There were no differences between groups in hospital stay or satisfaction. The group with epidural morphine had a better quality of sleep. Discussion: in our study, administration of a single dose of two milligrams of epidural morphine with conventional drugs provides a better post-cesarean analgesia with minimal side effects compared to that obtained when only conventional drugs are administered. According to our results we think that the administration of a bolus of two milligrams of morphine epidural seems a safe and effective technique, so we could join to the analgesic protocol of cesarean (AU)

Comentarios al artículo "Análisis descriptivo de mortalidad en cirugía cardíaca en los hospitales públicos de la Comunidad Valenciana en el año 2007" / No disponible

No disponible

Analysis of pharmacodynamic interaction of sevoflurane and propofol on Bispectral Index during general anaesthesia using a response surface model.

BACKGROUND: Propofol and sevoflurane act on the GABA(A) receptor, modulating the function of this receptor in an additive manner. The pharmacodynamic interaction of both drugs considering their effect on EEG activity analysed by the bispectral index (BIS) was identified as additive, but this has not been studied in a clinical setting. The objective of this study was to analyse the pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and sevoflurane on BIS using a surface response model in patients undergoing general anaesthesia with i.v. induction and inhalation maintenance. METHODS: We performed a prospective study in 24 patients undergoing general anaesthesia with propofol induction and sevoflurane maintenance. Anaesthetic depth was measured with a BIS VISTA Bilateral monitor. Propofol biophase concentration was determined using a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and sevoflurane end-tidal concentration was measured continuously. The response surface model described by Minto and colleagues was used to analyse the interaction. Statistical analysis was performed with Excel 2002 and SPSS v11.0. RESULTS: The mean value of U(50)(theta) was 0.956 (sd 0.029) in the overall estimated data, and remained within the predefined range for all ratios of the drugs, fulfilling the criterion of additivity. The median of the weighted residuals between the actual BIS value and the BIS value predicted by the model was -5.926%. CONCLUSIONS: Under the study conditions, it was confirmed that sevoflurane and propofol have an additive effect on BIS, with no evidence suggesting the existence of a synergistic effect for the concentrations of both drugs typically used in clinical practice.

Los conceptos de anestesia y profundidad anestésica / No disponible

Existen múltiples definiciones del concepto anestesia general y no hay acuerdo unánime sobre cuáles son los elementos comunes que conforman la anestesia general. Esto se debe en parte al conocimiento incompleto del funcionamiento del sistema nervioso, que condiciona que se ignoren múltiples aspectos sobre las acciones celulares de los fármacos anestésicos. Estos conceptos son básicos si queremos describir con precisión el concepto de profundidad anestésica, especialmente importante al existir en la clínica diversos sistemas de monitorización de dicha profundidad. En esta revisión llegaremos a una definición pragmática de la anestesia, como un estado reversible, inducido farmacológicamente, caracterizado por inconsciencia e inmovilidad del paciente, que provoca amnesia, con el objetivo de permitir y facilitar actos médicos potencialmente lesivos o desagradables, dentro del contexto de un acto anestésico en el que se intentan disminuirá demás los efectos adversos del acto médico y restaurar la homeostasis (AU)

There are multiple definitions of the concept of general anaesthesia, and there is no unanimous agreement on what are the common elements that comprise general anaesthesia. This is partly due to incomplete knowledge of the functioning of the nervous system which conditions that many aspects on the cellular actions of anaesthetic drugs are ignored. These concepts are basic if we want to describe accurately the concept of depth of anaesthesia, especially important as there are various systems available for monitoring such depth. In this review we will come to a pragmatic definition of anaesthesia, as a reversible state, pharmacologically induced, characterized by unconsciousness and immobility of the patient, which causes amnesia, to enable and facilitate potentially harmful or unpleasant medical acts, within the context of an anaesthetic act in which reducing the adverse effects of the medical act and restoring homeostasis are also pursued (AU)

Comparative study of topical anaesthesia with lidocaine 2% vs levobupivacaine 0.75% in cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study compared the efficacy of topical anaesthesia with levobupivacaine 0.75% vs lidocaine 2% during cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing two agents for topical anaesthesia in cataract surgery. Two hundred and forty-six consecutive patients undergoing corneal phacoemulsification were enrolled into two groups to receive either topical levobupivacaine 0.75% (n=126) or lidocaine 2% (n=120). The main outcome variables of the study were intraoperative and postoperative pain, requirement for additional anaesthesia, patient comfort and cooperation, surgeon satisfaction, and corneal epithelial toxicity induced by topical drugs. RESULTS: evobupivacaine 0.75% provided significantly better analgesia than lidocaine 2% during cataract surgery (P<0.001) at the end of surgery (P<0.002), and up to 30 min after surgery (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups 5 h after surgery. Epithelial toxicity was similar in both groups, and patient comfort and surgeon assessment of patient cooperation were better in the levobupivacaine group. CONCLUSIONS: Topical anaesthesia with levobupivacaine 0.75% was more effective than lidocaine 2% in preventing pain and improving patient and surgeon comfort during cataract surgery, with similar toxicity.

[Aortopulmonary fistula complicating aortic arch aneurysm]. / Fistula aorto-pulmonar como complicación de aneurisma de cayado aórtico.

Aortopulmonary fistulas secondary to thoracic aneurysms are difficult to diagnose and few cases are reported in the literature. We describe the case of a patient first admitted to another hospital with a diagnosis of right upper lobe pneumonia. After the patient had been a week in hospital without improving, a computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a saccular aneurysm of the aortic arch measuring 9 cm at its widest diameter. Hemodynamics and respiratory signs deteriorated a few hours after transfer to our hospital. Physical examination revealed a systolic murmur and poor peripheral perfusion. The patient was intubated and inotropic support was provided. Upon insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter, given suspicion of septic shock, progressive elevation of mixed venous oxygen saturation was observed. Measurement of venous oxygen saturation was 74% in the right atrium and 93% in the pulmonary artery. Left-right shunt was diagnosed and an emergency aortography revealed the aortopulmonary fistula. Emergency surgery was performed with the patient in deep hypothermia and cardiocirculatory arrest. There were no adverse events, and postoperative recovery and clinical course were good.

Reciprocating tachycardia during central venous cannulation in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is important for the anesthesiologist because the sudden development of tachyarrhythmias may result in deleterious hemodynamic changes. We describe an episode of reciprocating tachycardia triggered by the insertion of the guide wire during central venous cannulation in a patient with this syndrome.

The development of blood transfusion: the contributions of Norman Bethune in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).

Although the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) has been the focus of many papers in many countries, there are few references concerning medicine during this war, and many of the related events and medical progress are not well known. Some of these events came to influence civilian and military medicine. Among these were advances in blood transfusion, in which the Canadian surgeon, Norman Bethune, played an important role, particularly in advocating transfusion of blood to soldiers at the front rather than at medical centres behind the lines. While much of Bethune's work, especially in Canada and China, is well known, 1-3 certain aspects of Bethune's work and his stay in Spain are worth reviewing.